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Anti-ATM Protein Kinase pS1981 (SHEEP) Antibody
ATM phospho S1981 Antibody
- SPECIFICATION
- CITATIONS
- PROTOCOLS
- BACKGROUND
| Host | Sheep |
|---|---|
| Conjugate | Unconjugated |
| Target Species | Human |
| Reactivity | Human |
| Clonality | Polyclonal |
Application 
| WB, E, I, LCI |
| Application Note | Affinity purified sheep anti-ATM has been tested by ELISA and western blotting against native form phosphorylated ATM PK. |
| Physical State | Liquid (sterile filtered) |
| Buffer | 0.02 M Potassium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, pH 7.2 |
| Immunogen | This antibody was affinity purified from whole sheep serum prepared by repeated immunizations with a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region near serine 1981 of human ATM conjugated to KLH using maleimide. |
| Preservative | 0.01% (w/v) Sodium Azide |
| Gene ID | 472 |
|---|---|
| Other Names | 472 |
| Purity | This affinity-purified antibody is directed against human ATM and is useful in determining its presence in various assays. This polyclonal anti-ATM antibody recognizes the phosphorylated epitope in native and over-expressed proteins found in various tissues and extracts. Reactivity is observed against human ATM and cross reactivity with ATM from other mammalian sources has not been tested. |
| Storage Condition | Store vial at -20° C prior to opening. Aliquot contents and freeze at -20° C or below for extended storage. Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing. Centrifuge product if not completely clear after standing at room temperature. This product is stable for several weeks at 4° C as an undiluted liquid. Dilute only prior to immediate use. |
| Precautions Note | This product is for research use only and is not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic applications. |
| Name | ATM |
|---|---|
| Function | Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon double strand breaks (DSBs), apoptosis and genotoxic stresses such as ionizing ultraviolet A light (UVA), thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor (PubMed:10550055, PubMed:10839545, PubMed:10910365, PubMed:12556884, PubMed:14871926, PubMed:15064416, PubMed:15448695, PubMed:15456891, PubMed:15790808, PubMed:15916964, PubMed:17923702, PubMed:21757780, PubMed:24534091, PubMed:35076389, PubMed:9733514). Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q (PubMed:10550055, PubMed:10839545, PubMed:10910365, PubMed:12556884, PubMed:14871926, PubMed:15448695, PubMed:15456891, PubMed:15916964, PubMed:17923702, PubMed:24534091, PubMed:9733514). Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX at double strand breaks (DSBs), thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism (By similarity). Also plays a role in pre-B cell allelic exclusion, a process leading to expression of a single immunoglobulin heavy chain allele to enforce clonality and monospecific recognition by the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) expressed on individual B-lymphocytes. After the introduction of DNA breaks by the RAG complex on one immunoglobulin allele, acts by mediating a repositioning of the second allele to pericentromeric heterochromatin, preventing accessibility to the RAG complex and recombination of the second allele. Also involved in signal transduction and cell cycle control. May function as a tumor suppressor. Necessary for activation of ABL1 and SAPK. Phosphorylates DYRK2, CHEK2, p53/TP53, FBXW7, FANCD2, NFKBIA, BRCA1, CREBBP/CBP, RBBP8/CTIP, MRE11, nibrin (NBN), RAD50, RAD17, PELI1, TERF1, UFL1, RAD9, UBQLN4 and DCLRE1C (PubMed:10550055, PubMed:10766245, PubMed:10802669, PubMed:10839545, PubMed:10910365, PubMed:10973490, PubMed:11375976, PubMed:12086603, PubMed:15456891, PubMed:19965871, PubMed:21757780, PubMed:24534091, PubMed:26240375, PubMed:26774286, PubMed:30612738, PubMed:30886146, PubMed:30952868, PubMed:38128537, PubMed:9733515, PubMed:9843217). May play a role in vesicle and/or protein transport. Could play a role in T-cell development, gonad and neurological function. Plays a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation. Binds DNA ends. Phosphorylation of DYRK2 in nucleus in response to genotoxic stress prevents its MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation (PubMed:19965871). Phosphorylates ATF2 which stimulates its function in DNA damage response (PubMed:15916964). Phosphorylates ERCC6 which is essential for its chromatin remodeling activity at DNA double- strand breaks (PubMed:29203878). Phosphorylates TTC5/STRAP at 'Ser-203' in the cytoplasm in response to DNA damage, which promotes TTC5/STRAP nuclear localization (PubMed:15448695). Also involved in pexophagy by mediating phosphorylation of PEX5: translocated to peroxisomes in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and catalyzes phosphorylation of PEX5, promoting PEX5 ubiquitination and induction of pexophagy (PubMed:26344566). |
| Cellular Location | Nucleus. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q62388}. Peroxisome matrix. Note=Primarily nuclear (PubMed:9050866, PubMed:9150358). Found also in endocytic vesicles in association with beta-adaptin (PubMed:9707615). Translocated to peroxisomes in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PEX5 (PubMed:26344566) |
| Tissue Location | Found in pancreas, kidney, skeletal muscle, liver, lung, placenta, brain, heart, spleen, thymus, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon and leukocytes |
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Provided below are standard protocols that you may find useful for product applications.
Background
ATM, the gene mutated in the hereditary disease ataxia-telangiectasia, codes for a protein kinase that acts as a master regulator of cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks. ATM is normally inactive and the question of how it is activated in the event of DNA damage (due to ionizing radiation for instance) is central to understanding its function. ATM protein is now shown to be present in undamaged cells as an inactive dimer. Low doses of ionizing radiation, which induce only a few DNA breaks, activate at least half of the total ATM protein present, possibly in response to changes in chromatin structure. The ATM gene encodes a 370-kDa protein that belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI(3)K) superfamily, but which phosphorylates proteins rather than lipids. The 350-amino-acid kinase domain at the carboxy terminus of this large protein is the only segment of ATM with an assigned function. Exposure of cells to IR triggers ATM kinase activity and this function is required for arrests in G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Several substrates of the ATM kinase participate in these IR-induced cell-cycle arrests. These include p53, Mdm2 and Chk2 in the G1 checkpoint; Nbs1, Brca1, FancD2 and SMC1 in the transient IR-induced S-phase arrest; and Brca1 and hRad17 in the G2/M checkpoint. This antibody is similar to the rabbit host antibody discussed by Bakkenist, C. J. & Kastan, M. B. in Nature 421, 499-506 (2003).
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